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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Imminent peril</span></span>
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<p><b>Imminent peril</b>, or <b>imminent danger</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an American legal concept that defines the term as "certain danger, immediate, and impending; <a href="Menacing" title="Menacing">menacingly</a> close at hand, and threatening."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many states in the US, a mere necessity for quick action does not constitute an emergency within the doctrine of imminent peril, where the situation calling for the action is one which should reasonably have been anticipated and which the person whose action is called for should have been prepared to meet;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the doctrine of imminent peril does not excuse one who has brought about the peril by their own negligence.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2></div>
<p>In California, legislation authorizes a person to use <a href="Deadly_force" title="Deadly force">deadly force</a> to defend against death or serious injury if they believe they are in imminent peril.<sup id="cite_ref-cdo_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cdo-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raymond L. Middleton, Warden v. Sally Marie McNeil is a California case that espouses this doctrine.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2012 <a href="Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> <a href="Statute" title="Statute">Statutes</a> lay measurable conditions to determine if the "fear of imminent peril" is reasonable under the law.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both the <a href="International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> (ICJ) and the <a href="International_Law_Commission" title="International Law Commission">International Law Commission</a> (ILC) have recognized the <a href="Profound" title="Profound">profound</a> motivations of one's lawful fear of imminent peril and have adopted measures to define consequences, of self-defense against such peril, as reasonable.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peril">Peril</h2></div>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Peril" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="Peril_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Peril (disambiguation)">Peril (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>"Peril" redirects here; not to be confused with <a href="Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>.</span></div>
<p>Peril is <a href="Synonymous" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonymous">synonymous</a> with danger<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but lacks the suddenness of the "imminent" qualifier. The <a href="Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA) regulates safety standards for workplaces in the United States. Its charter obligation is to identify dangerous conditions in the workplace with a potential for sudden peril, and to require employers to actively mitigate the risks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Castle_doctrine" title="Castle doctrine">Castle doctrine</a></li>
<li><a href="Good_Samaritan_law" title="Good Samaritan law">Good Samaritan law</a></li>
<li><a href="Emergency_exception" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency exception">Emergency exception</a></li>
<li><a href="Exigent_circumstance" title="Exigent circumstance">Exigent circumstance</a></li>
<li><a href="Necessity_in_Canadian_law" title="Necessity in Canadian law">Necessity in Canadian law</a></li>
<li><a href="Rescue_doctrine" title="Rescue doctrine">Rescue doctrine</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/imminent-peril-doctrine/">Imminent-Peril Doctrine Law & Legal Definition</a> <i>USLegal.com</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFLehmanPhelps2005" class="citation book cs1">Lehman, Jeffrey; Phelps, Shirelle (2005). <i>West's Encyclopedia of American Law, Vol. 1</i> (2 ed.). Detroit: Thomson/Gale. p. 105. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780787663742</bdi>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kuist v. Curran, 116 Cal. App. 2d 404</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren v. Sullivan, 188 Cal. App. 2d 150</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cdo-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cdo_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/business-english/imminent-peril">Cambridge Dictionary Online</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&navby=case&vol=000&invol=03-1028">No. 03-1028. Decided May 3, 2004</a> <i>FindLaw.com</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String&URL=0700-0799/0776/Sections/0776.013.html">The 2012 Florida Statutes</a> <i>Sunshine Online</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110108081231/http://www.asil.org/files/ielconferencepapers/alvarez.pdf">"New Approaches to the State of Necessity in Customary International Law: Insights From WTO Law and Foreign Investment Law"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asil.org/files/ielconferencepapers/alvarez.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-01-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-16</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://definitions.uslegal.com/d/danger/">Danger Law & Legal Definition</a> <i>USLeagal.com</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/worker/danger.html">Call (800) 321-OSHA immediately to report imminent dangers</a>, United States Department of Labor, retrieved 11/17/2012</span>
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